Gumi is a language primarily spoken in the country of Gumi.
Phonology
Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | |||||
Stop | p /ph/ | b /p/ | t /th/ | d /t/ | k /kh/ | g /k/ | |||
Nasals | m | n | ng /ŋ/ | ||||||
Affricates | c /tsh/ | z /ts/ | ch /tʂh/ | j /tʂ/ | |||||
Fricative | f | s | sh /ʂ/ | h | |||||
Trill | r | ||||||||
Approximant | w | l | y /j/ |
The vowels are: a /ɔ/, o /o/, u /u/, e /e/, i /i/, ei /ɪ/, and eo /ə/.
Morphology
The syllables of Gumi are of the form (CONSONANT) + (GLIDE) + VOWEL + (FINAL), where the glides are r/w/y, and the final is any consonant but a stop.
- l becomes r if the previous syllable did not end in a vowel.
Nouns
Nouns are most commonly made plural by adding -en to the end.
Verbs
Each verb has three basic forms: standard (do), present (doing), and perfect (did). The present is used to emphasize an action in progress, while the perfect to emphasize an action that is completed.
Standard | Present | Perfect | |||
-a | ejta | -alo | ejtalo | -eoz | ejteoz |
-i | tecumi |
Particle words can be added after the verb to further modify the action:
- si : The verb tense is from the perspective of the past. (e.g. "was", "used to be")
- bri : The verb tense is from the perspective of the future. (e.g. "will be")
- feong : The verb is talking about possible outcomes, not demonstrable facts. (e.g. "could have been")
- ein : The verb is talking about what ought to be. (e.g. "should be")
- du : The action of the verb is being done to the subject, not being done by the subject.
Vocabulary
Word | Part of speech | Translation |
---|---|---|
aneri | n. | flower |
ankeom | n. | soul |
ashreom | n. | gold |
bejel | n. | destiny |
bowe | n. | bounty, plenty |
cura | n. | blue |
chun | n. | boldness |
egen | n. | beauty, handsomeness |
eom | n. | person |
en | n. | woman, female |
eze | v. | to love |
fanu | n. | star |
feri | n. | fey |
gam | n. | sky |
garo | n. | courage, bravery |
gecheo | n. | friend |
go | n. | spear |
gompe | v. | to live |
hekeom | v. | to breathe |
iye | n. | bird |
jishe | n. | truth |
jotu | n. | thorn |
kom | n. | archon |
maji | suffix | person who does/is associated with |
mapi | n. | highness, loftiness |
meze | n. | goodness |
mire | n. | fame, brightness |
mom | prefix | not |
mon | n. | royalty |
narogi | n. | speckles |
nowe | v. | to have, possess |
o | prefix | noun/adjective associated with action |
ode | n. | old age |
oden | n. | house |
ojaku | n. | sorcery |
olco | n. | aloneness, isolation |
onsuwel | n. | immortality |
oroke | n. | security |
padu | n. | song, melody |
powe | n. | red |
regom | n. | man, male |
remore | v. | to give a message |
romeme | v. | to rain, storm, monsoon |
sheto | v. | to bless |
sheodo | v. | tax |
shom | v. | to bring |
shun | n. | wood |
soto | n. | wind, breeze |
sowum | n. | peace |
sugo | n. | kind, sort, type |